Marx and Class Conflict - 948 Words

It is important to recognize that Marx viewed the structure of society in relation to its major classes, and the struggle between them as the engine of change in this structure. His was no equilibrium or consensus theory. Conflict was not deviational within society s structure, nor were classes functional elements maintaining the system. The structure itself was a derivative of and ingredient in the struggle of classes. His was a conflict view of modem (nineteenth century) society. The key to understanding Marx is his class definition.1 A class is defined by the ownership of property. Such ownership vests a person with the power to exclude others from the property and to use it for personal purposes. In relation to property there are†¦show more content†¦Classes are authority relationships based on property ownership. A class defines groupings of individuals with shared life situations, thus interests. Classes are naturally antagonistic by virtue of their interests. Imminent within modern society is the growth of two antagonistic classes and their struggle, which eventually absorbs all social relations. Political organization and Power is an instrumentality of class struggle, and reigning ideas are its reflection. Structural change is a consequence of the class struggle. Marx s emphasis on class conflict as constituting the dynamics of social change, his awareness that change was not random but the outcome of a conflict of interests, and his view of social relations as based on power were contributions of the first magnitude. However, time and history have invalidated many of his assumptions and predictions. Capitalist ownership and control of production have been separated. Joint stock companies forming most of the industrial sector are now almost wholly operated by non-capital-owning managers. Workers have not grown homogeneous but are divided and subdivided into different skill groups. Class stability has been undercut by the development of a large middle class and considerable social mobility. Rather than increasing extremes of wealth and poverty, there has been a social leveling and an increasing emphasis on social justice. And finally, bourgeois political power hasShow MoreRelatedThe Class Conflict Theory Proposed By Karl Marx1571 Words   |  7 PagesThe Class Conflict Theory proposed by Karl Marx explains that society changes due to the need for human beings to have a higher level of social class. This is essentially a framework developed by Marx that he aimed to use to explain the mode of social stratification happening during his time, its root causes, and its main effects. Marx had a unique view on the nature of different social classes. He believed that there are only two social classes where people can belong (Marx McLellan, Karl MarxRead MoreMarx s Theory On Class Conflict And Society Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pagessociologist who analyze and try to understand how this society works. Marx was one of them and his ideas were influential. His theory mostly emphasis on class conflict and the society from economic aspects. This essay will first analyze Marx’s theory in detail. Then I will explain how economy and social conflict related to Marx’s theory along with the role of these factors in the capita list society. Marx defined social class as the class which sets the scene and moves things forward. He sometimes talkedRead MoreKarl Marx s Class Conflict Theory1710 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx’s Class Conflict Theory Introduction Karl Marx believed that struggle or conflict among classes was an inevitable feature of capitalism based on the argument that various groups in a society or social classes perpetually fight and compete for resources and power, hence the groups remains polarized against each other. The Karl Marx’s conflict theory views behavior from the perspective of conflict or tension among two or more groups. The conflict does not necessarily translate to violenceRead MoreBiography Of Karl Marx s Writing On Class Conflict1335 Words   |  6 Pages this is not, in fact the case. Karl Marx’s writing on class conflict suggest otherwise. Class conflict is still very relevant in present day’s society and can be seen throughout the levels of class. In today’s society you can see class conflict in the way that working class is under paid such as fast food workers. Fast food workers are coming together and striking for higher pay for the hard work that they so clearly do. The class conflict comes into place because the owners don’t want to keep theirRead MoreWhy Marx s Social Theory Place So Much Emphasis On Class Conflict And The Economic Aspects Of Society?1630 Words   |  7 PagesWhy does Marx’s social theory place so much emphasis on class conflict and the economic aspects of society? Introduction There are many reasons why Marx’s social theory places so much emphasis on class conflict and the economic aspects of society. Marx created his theory during a period of time where there was a large level of social change which led to modifications in the ways in which people worked (Morrison, 2012). This social change impacted his sociological thinking, encouraging him to exploreRead MoreWhy Marx s Social Theory Place So Much Emphasis On Class Conflict And The Economic Aspects Of Society? Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes Marx s social theory place so much emphasis on class conflict and the economic aspects of society? Karl Marx is one of the most influential and revolutionary philosopher, economist and sociologist of the 19th century. His thoughts not only shaped our understandings of the capitalistic world but also created a new system of social organization, communism. His ideology also defined the key political figures of the cold war period such as Stalin, Mao and Castro. Without Marx, theRead MoreKarl Marx: Conflict Theory Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx: Conflict Theory The most influential socialist thinker from the 19th century is Karl Marx. Karl Marx can be considered a great philosopher, social scientist, historian or revolutionary. Marx proposed what is known as the conflict theory. The conflict theory looks at how certain social interactions occur through conflict. People engage in conflict everyday to gain more power then others in society. Karl Marx is known for studying the conflicts that occur between different classes. KarlRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber118 7 Words   |  5 Pages1. Class Karl Marx and Max Weber both identify economic position as being a key factor in social stratification. Marx uses the Materialist Conception of History as his basic premise to show that there exist two classes which are in opposition to one another, and that they are in constant social conflict with one another due to the structure of capitalism itself. Weber, on the other hand, describes class as being an objective measure of wealth, with conflict not between classes but within them. AlthoughRead MoreConflict Theory, Karl Marx, and the Communist Manifesto Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesConflict Theory, Karl Marx, and The Communist Manifesto In order to understand Marx a few terms need to be defined. The first is Bourgeoisie; these are the Capitalists and they are the employers of wage laborers, and the owners of the means of production. The means of production includes the physical instruments of production such as the machines, and tools, as well as the methods of working (skills, division of labor). The Proletariat is the class of wage-laborers, they do not have their ownRead MoreConflict Theories Focus On The Political Nature Of Crime1439 Words   |  6 PagesConflict theories focus on the political nature of crime and examine the creation and application of the law. Conflict theory fundamental assumption is that society is characterized more by conflict than by collective consensus. This characterization allows conflict theory to be viewed at on a continuous spectrum from different vantage points. On one end of the spectrum is the pluralistic view that infers that society is composed of different groups which ar e in a struggle for maintain their interest

Abortion Essay - 3096 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Child Psychology Abortion, You decidenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The topic of abortion has been a highly debated and highly controversial issue before America was even founded. There are many aspects of the debate and many angles that can be taken. In order to understand, and to form an opinion on the topic of abortion a person must be informed about the History of abortion, the methods of abortion performed today, the potential side affects of abortion, and the two different and equally debatable sides that are taken today. These are all very important issues to be informed about†¦show more content†¦These laws were in fact against poison used in the home, or â€Å"poison control†. In the 1840’s the abortion business was booming, including the sale of illegal drugs that were prohibited by the poison statutes that were mentioned earlier. The sales of illegal drugs and of abortions were advertised openly in the media. To give you an example of how big the business was, the most popular abortionist was Madame Restell; she would openly provide abortion to any women who wanted one. She had offices that she operated out of in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia. She also had traveling sales people that promoted her famous female monthly pill. Oddly enough in a historical twist the one group that was petitioning for abortion to be outlawed was the American medical association, this was an association of physicians. The very group that is now performing a majority of abortions that go on today. The American medical association’s crusade against abortion was not entirely selfless. The reason the association decided to crusade against abortion was because they saw the white American birth rate declining and saw the immigrates birth rate moving up. In that day the economic status and ethnic heritage of the women receiving the abortions were very different from today, the average women who was receiving an abortion were upper class to middle class Caucasian women who were considered Americans. Horatio R. Storer, anti-abortion leader of the cause asked in 1868. â€Å" This is aShow MoreRelatedAbortion : Abortion And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion is defined in several ways all of which stop a pregnancy. There are different ways of abortion, which are spontaneous abortion, surgical abortion, and medical abortion. Abortion has been arguable topic for decades. One can neither believe abortion to be good nor bad. The idea of individuality and human life is not quite the same. Idea of human life has come from conception; simultaneously on the other hand, fertilizer eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives butRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesPaper: Abortion Laws The topic of abortion is a widely debated and very heated topic in Texas. The Republican party’s platform supports family values and are completely against abortion under any circumstances, including abortifacients. The Democrat party’s platform supports the rights for women to make choices about their own bodies. They support abortifacients and a person’s right to have an abortion. There is also a large percentage of those that are in the middle in that they believe abortion shouldRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States there are more than a billion abortions performed each year. Since the court case Roe vs Wade in 1973 more than 56 million babies have been murdered in the United States before they had the chance to take their first breath (Snyder, Michael). These statics along with many more show the huge injustice that is happening in the country I call home. Abortion is defined as the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. It can include any of variousRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Anti Abortion1624 Words   |  7 Pagesa very large controversy between the ideas about abortion and anti-abortion. Different religious views, beliefs, peoples many different customs and even people of different cultures all have their own preferences and ideas on the take of this political issue. Views against abortion can lead to as much of an impact as a violent/non violent riots outside of an abortion clinics, to something as simple article in the newspaper. The belief on abortion that leads to a lot of the controversy is that inRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages An abortion is when the pregnancy of a women is ended; it is called sometimes Termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortion. The first type is the spontaneous abortion; it occurs within the first two months. What causes it is frequently unknown yet is probably the results of intra-uterine contamination, or limited attachment in the building unborn child to the interior coating walls in the womb (uterus). Such conditions this unborn child, if the idea advances further, mayRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion953 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates that is constantly talked about is abortion. When it comes to abortion, the laws vary depending on the state you live in. Whether people support or are against abortion, few actually know about the abortion process. Have you ever heard of suction aspiration or prostaglandin chemical abortion? Those are two of the various methods that are performed in the different trimesters of pregnancy. According to writer Steven Ertelt of Li feNews.com, Oklahoma’s abortion laws are restrictive compared to otherRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion1930 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion has been around for quite some time. Laws have been set allowing it and banning it during different periods of time. The procedures that can be done are all very different. There is a medical abortion involving drugs and there are surgical abortion involving a more invasive procedure. There are also different points of view on it. There are those who fully support the termination of a pregnancy and those who are completely against it. There are many factors to consider and very differentRead MoreAbortion : The Fight For Abortion1543 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough abortion was decriminalized in 1973, the fight for abortion rights did not end with Roe v. Wade. Just in the past three years, there have been systematic restrictions on abortion rights sweeping the country sate by state. In 2013, 22 states enacted 70 antiabortion meas ures, including pre-viability abortion bans, unnecessary doctor and clinic procedures, limits on medicated abortion, and bans on insurance coverage of abortion In 2011, 92 abortion restrictions were enacted, an in 2012, thatRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of abortion has been an ongoing debate for many years. According to ProChoice.org, abortion was legal in in the days of the early settlers. At the time that the constitution was adopted abortions were legal. Abortions were openly advertised and performed before the first fetal movement (13-16 weeks from the start of a women’s last period). The concern for abortion started in the late 1800’s when immigrants were coming into the country in large numbers and the fear was that they would produceRead MoreIs Abortion Wrong? Abortion?1321 Words   |  6 PagesIs Abortion Wrong? There continues to be a hot debate on abortion. Some people feel that this issue is neither right nor wrong, just simply a â€Å"to each his own† idiom. Those who are for abortion, tend to believe a woman has a right to decide what goes in her body and if she is capable of bringing life into this world. On the other side, there is an equal fervent opposition that killing an innocent unborn baby is wrong and unjustly, murder in the first degree of a helpless baby. Not only are they

A approach towards hotels Free Essays

string(32) " management within a structure\." Risks in relation to Opportunities, measurement of decisions Appendix 10. 5: 24 Probability of risk occurrence Appendix 10. 6: Provisions of outcomes incorporating and eliminating the influences of controllers 25 Appendix 10. We will write a custom essay sample on A approach towards hotels or any similar topic only for you Order Now 7: 26 Influence of a risk in relation to costs Appendix 10. 8: 27 Checklist for evaluating risks 2 1. 0 The risks are now attached powers related with the lifespan of hotel ‘s projects or activities in the specific region, combining unreliable nature of vague commodities, quickly changing market, advances in technology, and the revolution of the customer’ s requirements. Hotel ‘s projects usually consume large capital investments to achieve profitability and momentum within the market, but perhaps associated unpredictable risks generate restrictions or even a substantial loss of investment. Consequently, risk management is applied uninterruptedly through the life cycle of the hotel ‘s project to reduce or minimalism the undesirable effects of risks from the project’ s schedules, costs and performances, in order to ensure achievement of economic goals. This report is initiated to analytically examine the procedures of risk management regarding the hotel industry. Initially, this report ascribes theoretical context of risk management and of its perception and significance within the industry of hotels. In addition, this report analyses and reviews risk a managing procedure, including risk identification then the analysis and controlling of risk, to finalize with risk reporting. The report investigates how risk potential dangers and facilitates the project’s procedure regarding decision-making (Kite Eluding,1997, p. ). This report also shows how risk management sequences benefits the assignment ‘s responsible to evaluate if they acquire satisfactory possessions for the project to manage the risk connected with high existence possibility and significance that not all risks are of equal weight. Furthermore, risks may be various and theoretical; consequently the report will establish the significance of finding parts and m utual risks methods, which are advantageous to aware the management of the hotel from dangerous risks. Additionally, the report shows the value of the statistical normal distribution, and the likelihood of risks within the project management of hotels, including a strategy of efficient warning methods and emergency forecasting in order to monitor future risks. This report continue explaining in what way risk reporting would be efficient in delivering the results of the conducted analysis and control of risks so the hotel ‘s project to accelerate investing conclusions. Yet, this report shows important debates concluded through a concise summary of the risk management progression and its values within the hotel industry. Additionally, references, and appendices serve an as extra resource that highlights key philosophies in this report. 1. 1 Aim Objectives This report main aim is to analyses the procedures of risk management and how it effects project management within the industry of hotels. Goals: To diagnostically examine the academic frame of risk management in relation to project management within the industry of hotels. 2. To identify the settings of risk management and its effects on hotel ‘s project. 3. To investigate the procedures of risk management within the hotel industry. 4. To discover the significance of managing risk in project management within the industry of hotels. To analyses the risk management procedures and its effect towards hotel ‘s approach of managing risks within projects. In accordance to Serener, (2006, p. 1 1), risk management is defined as an organized function procedure useful in a methodological approach in order to cope imaginable risks offered to a company. Moreover, Mills, (2001), argues that risk management if systematic, is a crucial tool for company’s in order to control and obtain the possible occurring risks, which could simplify the process of dealing with the actual risk. Moreover, the risk management procedure where the team monitoring is accountable for couple of areas of responsibility: recognizing, evaluating, forecasting, tracing, controlling and communicating (NASA NIPPERS. A 2004 p, 5). The usefulness of risk management provides hotel management to a opportunity to reduce the risk through using the systematic approach for better a better adaptable response to risks, and eliminating the accomplishment of strategic objective and profits (Rival Fuchsia, 2007, p. 4). Noticed by Mills, (2001) that risk management don’t only emphasizes on classifying the risks after a ranking system, it also monitors and administers risks to be able to decrease imaginable damages to the business ‘s entity. However, Serener (2006) claims that the purpose of risk management is not to serially eliminate risks, therefore, focusing on the risks that are involved in the furthermost effective method or reactive actions. Further down the line of a project, the possible risks could drive the project or organization to unnecessary expenditure, fiasco, or liquidation (appendix 10. 1). According to Scott, (1997) there is a significance importance to include the process of risk management within the decision-making procedure by hotel ‘s leaders, in order to reduce the negative impacts of risks such as efficiency, implementation and budget problems. Within the hotel association, inconsistency concerning established objectives and actual implementations is created due risks being very stretched to projects (Kindlier, 2009). To continue, there are very high cash investments within properties and assets belonging to hotels, which triggers a bigger risk if the particular hotel fails to produce profit and inevitably lose investor’s investment. In addition, prompt alterations and high manipulations origins greater risks to hotel ‘s developments, impacting the day-to-day procedures and generating insecurity in decision-making (Serener, 2006). So, through arranging risk management at the entree, hotels can certify adaptive reactions to risks in a well-timed method; evade upcoming damages, enabling supervisors to create a contingency plan to response towards risks, and seizing hypothetical opportunities (Kindlier, 2009). Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) – Project Risk Management Enterprise Risk Management shortened term ERM, is perceived as a procedure, stimulated via an independent panel of managers, executives, and other employees, which is combined with tactical instructions throughout the business, to be able to pinpoint probable impacts measured to be forceful to the independence (Rival Fuchsia 2007, p. ). Kindlier (2009, p. 323) argues that ERM embraces all the management of assignments, agendas and collect the concepts of risk management within a structure. You read "A approach towards hotels" in category "Papers" In order to seize business development and reduce dangers the ERM could be focused towards the safety and security department of a hotel. In addition, ERM is appreciated within project risk management in order to compute and manage risks with great safety, henceforth focusing the practice of capitals. Further, discussed by Stuntman et al. , (2011, p. 336) PRM ‘s function as a procedure, which monitors all actions in order to guarantee a positive result from investments. Moreover, when a new project is offered to a hotel, PRM is highly useful in order to evaluate the foundation of the dangers, the comprehensiveness of risks, and hypothetical results designated from risks. Nonetheless, hotel ‘s plans are indistinguishable to stint of time regulating, highlighting the introduction of latest commodities or assistances towards the market, nonetheless limited by limits and certain objectives according to Groove (1997). Therefore, it is essential to apply PRM uninterruptedly during the project lifespan to successfully moderate risks and achieve project’s objectives in relation to he strategic schedule, financial plan, and implementations (Stuntman et al. , 2011). The risk management process is alienated in four different boxes; it starts by identifying the actual risk thereafter follow an analysis and control of the risks and management process in order to safeguard stability between the profits versus the costs within operations (Kline Eluding, 1997, p. ). Continuously, another elaborated definition discussed by Groove (1997) the risk management procedure is one-chain rotation, due to each step commences in a systematic approach to be able to execute risk management efficiently. Moreover, Kindlier (2009) emphasizes the importance of utilizing the risk management process, managers and supervisors would gain a holistic overview of the entire activities, reduce the uncertainty and making the h otel project reliable and profitable. In addition, the process is valuable in order to clarify if the projects are feasible or problematic. Chapman Ward, (2010) introduces the first step of the risk management procedure, first step: risk identification, a procedure where potential and actual risks facing the hotel, gets revealed and diagnosed. Risk identification tributes to instructing the reject supervisors of related obstacles or risk being a factor where the achievement of goals develops the base for risk analysis and control. Second step is called a risk analysis, where a process takes place of analyzing various risks by the usage of specific techniques such as statistics. This step is also recognized as the â€Å"action† step, to conduct an analysis against the risks, which has been identified in the previous step. Furthermore, follows risk control, by endeavoring to manage the risks for modifying damaging influences and defending productivity. Last step in the risk management process, risk reporting explained by Kline Eluding (1997), either written or oral communication of the findings from the conducted. Hotels are affected when impacted by the occurring fluctuations that are uncontrolled, such as the financial state or advantages of competitors, which are usually invisible at the early phases of the hotel plans (Stuntman, et al. , 2011, IPPP). It is further argued by Scott (1997) in order to receive high returns on invested capital, hotels should apply the process of risk management in order to systematically diminish the negative influence of risks. Continuously, the process is also beneficial regarding the assistance provided to hoteliers in order to increase the certainty of the project’s future, which leads to overall better confidence in the decision-making process regarding anything related to the project from cost efficiency plans or contingency plans versus possible upcoming risks. 8 diagnoses possible impacts of the company that could trigger the risks both internally and externally. Risk identification is the first step before the risks gets analyses and purposed, thereafter becoming the foundation of the next steps in the recess; analyzing and controlling risks (Scott,1997). According to Keen, (2011) the most problematic and difficult step in the process is the risk identification, because it outcomes of strangeness or vagueness of forthcoming occurrences. However, identifying risks allows managers to distinguish the partnership between the causes and consequences of events, thus enabling the strategy of the stronger risk image, protective plan, and increase self-confidence in decision-making. If the management of the hotel disappoints in identifying any upcoming potential risks in the projects or operations, then unfortunately the non-identified risks will become hard to manage and cultivate to be devastating (Tchaikovsky, 2002). Additionally, the stage of risk identifications includes a complete analysis of the settings both internally and externally in order to interpret nature, and measure influences from risks (Meredith Mantel 2012). Furthermore, Groove, (1997) argues that by recognizing foundations and influences of risks, for instance operational or market risks towards the projects of the hotel, the management could therefore categorize these risks if they are manageable or uncontainable. Nevertheless, even if risks are identified as uncontainable such as inconsistent seasonal demands, the management within hotels could still plan and work out a protective plan for producing short-term demands in order to change the undesirable outcomes (Ammonia. , 2008, p. 1 1). In addition, when risk management process is implemented, the procedure should be on-going and not perceived as one-off activity, as new risks are constantly occurring regarding the changes occurring within the micro and macro environment said by Tchaikovsky (2002). 4. 1 Identification of the major significant participants – Steadying groundwork, lassoing pieces – communal risks When identifying the foundation and stabilizing it, hotel’s directors must have a look at the entire party of personnel carrying this project out instead of Just concentrating on the information (appendix 10. ). The managers must identify and know they key people, in other words are the very important participants, who in turn will give the vital information for the risk performance identification and enquiry steps. Furthermore, in order to stabilize the groundwork, manager or directors have to gain every part of necessary and significant data in a certain period of time. Such as the diff erent and various sources of risks and influence areas to have a performance on the risk study efficiently and effectively (Scott 1997). However, by the conversion of information into different distinct pieces, managers should know and recognize the different risk components in the hotel’s plans and the corresponding relationship in each component, which is why planning specific goals can become easier in specific risk. Additionally, when identifying and ordering distinct components and pieces, there are two available approaches; it is either doing it independently or with a group (Serener, 2006). Identifying individually is considered as efficient when considering time, but can lead to limitations, narrow perceptions or own biases by ignoring the hotel’s atmosphere. Uncooperative, Stuntman et al. , (2011) have argued by the identification of risks in a group, an additional stable and serious identifications can be accomplished, but, the period could take longer, costly, and very difficult for adding various information into one piece. Meanwhile, it has to be recognized that the human error, results and occurs of them who see the event on occasion basis can produce bias in recognizing risk Keen, 2011). Moreover, mutual risks have to be found and identified for its great level of danger challenging the projects. Through common risks recognition, the project managers can focus efforts on risk with great impact, because not all the risks are the same and they all require different attention and treatment (Pritchard, 2010). Nevertheless, the 10 mutual risks differ as the project proceeds, because the consequence of the risks may reduce; yet others become dominance. For example, in the lodging industry, the hesitation of the market fluctuations, economic rejections, and as well inflation may to show at the beginning of the hotel’s projects. Thus, forming inconsistency among the plans and the authentic upcoming implementations argued by Haze Kouki (2009, p 262). Analysis of risk occurs when managers’ converts information gathered throughout the identification process when handling risks like rational knowledge by operating designated methods (Kline Eluding 1997, p. 59). Risk analysis is also related to activities of examining assignments or functions to observe dangerous areas including risks in a methodical method, which might relieve risk control procedures Pritchard, 2010). Hotels could be quicker adaptable and better responsive to perceivable occurrences, which comprehends chances and disorders (appendix 10. 4) by using risk analysis. Keel Eluding, (1997, p. 8) states two types of risks analysis, one being quantitative and the other qualitative. Still, statistic plays a important role when risks is being analyses, in order to explain outcomes by taking a look at the frequency scattering using authentic numbers or calculations, to be able to compute data. Frequency scattering is utilized in risk analysis to review big volumes of How to cite A approach towards hotels, Papers